Free Essay On Animal Experimentation

According to statistics, worldwide, at least 22 animals die every second in labs. In the UK, for example, one animal dies every five seconds. 

It is important to understand that unnecessary animal death should be prevented from occurring. The major problem with animal experimenting is the lack of ethics because there is a feeling of superiority and zero consideration for the well being of the animal. In most cases animals are abused everyday in labs for the hope of finding cures for human diseases and to obtain a better knowledge of the possible outcomes of different drugs. There are three major dilemmas with animal experimentation they are: animal cruelty, different methods of experiment and irrelevant testing.

One of the major controversial topics of animal’s experimentation is animal cruelty which includes brutal treatment, abuse, pain and suffering. The only U.S. law that governs the use of animals in laboratories- Animal Welfare Act of 1966- allows animals to be burned, shocked, poisoned, isolated, starved, and forcibly restrained addicted to drugs and brain damaged. This shows that the government did not show any grief for these animals and approve animal experimentation within labs. 

Twenty million animals are used in cruel outdated teaching excercises. Roughly half of them are killed and used for dissection, while others are tormented while they are still alive in classroom biology class, experiments, psychology labs and medical training. Hundreds of testing of animals are poisoned, blinded and killed every year in outdated products tests for cosmetics, personal care, household-cleaning products and even fruit juices.

No matter how many animals are killed and no matter how cruel and outdated the experiments are people still tend to use experimentation. No matter how painful or cruel the experiment is, pain killers are not even required. 

In succeeding centuries, animals were employed to discover how the body functions or to confirm or disprove theories developed through observation. In past centuries since scientists could not operate on humans for fun they use animals, knowing that animals are completely different that humans. 

Millions of frogs are captured in their natural habitats every year for dissection and experimentation, and the U.S department of the Interior has even stated that amphibian population declines are due in part to the use of these animals in dissection. The government knows that animals are declining due to experimentation and they are not doing anything about it. 

Monkeys are addicted to drugs and have holes drilled into their skulls, sheep and pigs, have their skin burned off and rats have their spinal cords crushed. Animals can be heavely abused and people either don’t know or just have no interest. In archaic medical training courses, pigs and dogs are cut open and killed and ferrets have hard plastic tubes down their delicate throats. 

School is still based on outdated techniques, instead of using the technology that the 21st century provides schools rather kill animals. Tiny mice grow tumors as large as their as their own bodies, kittens are purposely blinded, and rats are made to suffer seizures. 

Another major topic that can be taken into consideration can be the other methods of experimentation. Today animals are used in experiments for three general purposes 

1. biomedical and behavioral research, 

2. education, and

3. drug and product testing.

For the human society animals are seen for three purposes, but animals were not made for those purposes they were made to roam the wild and be free. Humans cell cultures and tissue studies and artificial human “skin” and “eyes” mimic the body’s natural properties, and a number of computer virtual organs serve as accurate models of human body parts. 

Scientists now don’t have to use animals there’s even more accurate testing since animals lead a false experiment, so when they experiment on animals it means that the person just wants to torture animals. The NCI now uses human cancer cells, taken by biopsy during surgery, to perform first stage testing for new anti cancer drugs, sparing the one million mice the agency used annually and giving us all a much better shot at combating cancer. The NCI has advanced to the new technology and advancing to cure cancer without animals since they are inaccurate to test. Medical students are trained with a combination of didactic methods, sophisticated human patient simulators, interactive computer programs; safe humans based learning methods and clinical experience. More and more universities and other labs are starting to use computers and simulators to teach or practice.

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Essay On Global Trade In Europe In 1700-1763

During the period from 1700-1763, Europe experienced an expansion in global trade. Routes between the continents were discovered in previous centuries, but they were put to greater use in the 1700s. In this time period, "triangle trade" between Europe, Africa, and Asia was the norm. This global trade improved living conditions in Europe, but created diplomatic problems as countries battled to have the upper hand in trade. 

For Europeans, the social consequences of global trade were generally positive. Widespread trade created many new jobs in shipping and trading companies. New companies, like the East India Trading Co., grew and flourished. These companies and jobs showed trade to be a respectable way of earning a living, and aided the rise of the middle class. Also, global trade introduced many new goods to Europe. Things like sugar, tea, and calico fabrics served as status symbols for the noblility, and the greater variety of food improved the lives of peasants. This trend created population groupe in Europe, which had both positive and negative effects. 

Even though global trade had a positive influence on social factors in Europe, it strained the diplomacy between many European countries. England and France tried to gain control of colonies in Africa and North America, while Prussia and Austria fought for the province of Silesia in Europe. These disputes led to The Seven Years' War, which ended rather vaguely on the European side but was a decisive victory for Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris (1763) gave Britain control of many areas in America, which started the British monopoly on trade. France faded into the shadows and started its political decline, while Britain dominated global trade to India and America. 

Global trade in the period from 1700-1763 widened the horizons of Europe and had many positive social consequences, yet it created many diplomatic problems and even outright war.

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Essay On Advertising of Cigarettes and Alcohol

Nowadays the advertising of cigarettes and alcohol encourages many people to use them. This kind of advertisements are dangerous especially for young people who are influenced by media and try almost every product advertised they have seen. 

On one hand many people believe that the prohibition of advertising products is limiting burdens of liberty free market's participants. Everyone who sells a product must have a right to inform some consumers.

On the other side of the argument, some people think that some advertisements are shown very useful, but others present unhealthy products like cigarettes and alcohol.

This could be a problem as people are used to trusting advertisements. In fact, the advertised products are always put in a favorable light and we can not see them in their true colors.

On balance, it seems that advertising encourages young people to start indulging in the practice of smoking and drinking.

But stopping the advertising of these products will not stop their addictions. And kids will do what their peers do. The only way is to educate people about possible dangers connected with cigarettes and alcohol.

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Essay On A Prayer For Owen Meany by John Irving

Throughout literature and philosophy, idea that man is powerless to divine will continuously reemerge. Authors such as Homer and Sophocles, propose that one must submit oneself and accept the inevitably of fate, meeting it with solely faith. 

In A Prayer For Owen Meany by John Irving, this theme of accepting fate and submitting oneself to God’s will is displayed through the faith of Owen Meany and the resolute tone in which he addresses this belief. 

Throughout the course of A Prayer For Owen Meany, the idea of everything holding a higher purpose is held by Owen, viewing even personal flaws as a gift of God. Owen’s voice is continuously criticized, and it is this voice that brings Owen conflict. Irving chooses to use strictly capital letters when Owen speaks as to shock the reader and draw attention to the severe pecuiliarity of Owen’s squeak. The unpleasant cacophony of the voice is displayed throught he shock and terror displayed by the characters upon hearing Owen speak. Germaine, Lydia’s maid, even goes as far to state her belief that Owen’s voice is “from the Devil.” Therefore, it is surprising that Owen views the voice which brings him harassment and angst as from God, which he expresses when he declares that “IF GOD GAVE ME THIS VOICE, HE HAD A REASON.” Through Owen’s willingness to believe this, with unwavering faith, the theme of submitting oneself to God’s will, though the conditions may be unsavory, is further supported.

Death has the ability to shake one’s faith and test one’s beliefs. In A Prayer For Owen Meany, several characters undergo this trial at the death of John’s mother. However, while his peers question God, he reacts with acceptance. It is inarguable that Owen truly loves John’s mother, and that she acts as one of the single most important people in his life. Yet, when God takes her from the world, and by Owen’s own hands, no less, he does not crumble in his spirituality.

Instead, Owen believes unwaveringly in God’s will. The idea that Owen is merely an instrument of God, and that he must completely surrender himself, body and soul, is supported by John Irving’s use of biblical allusion. Romans 12:1 states “I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service.” Owen seems to echo this sentiment as he expresses through the exchanging of a declawed armadillo that “GOD HAS TAKEN YOUR MOTHER. MY HANDS WERE THE INSTRUMENT. GOD HAS TAKEN MY HANDS. I AM GOD’S INSTRUMENT.”  

“The first miracle that I believe in is my own faith itself.” Pastor Merrill makes this assertion as he discusses the importance of faith with Owen. It is made clear as the novel progresses that Owen is definitely a being of faith and religion, often exemplified through his pontifications. When Owen speaks, especially of his faith, it is often a tone of resoluteness and unwavering belief. This tone, which reemerges throughout the course of the novel, serves to supplement Owen’s conviction that he lives to serve as a tool of God. Owen is faced with extreme adversity, from killing his best friend’s mother, to facing his own death, and yet, he remains steadfast, surrendering his life to fate and God. It was this monumental faith, disproportionate to his small stature, that changed almost everyone Owen came into contact with, which shaped John’s spirituality forever, and which continues to contest with the skepticism of society.

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